Designed and named after August Arnold of England and Robert Richter of Germany, Arriflex cameras pioneered the mirror reflex shutter, portable electric drives, displacement magazines, 'deep heart claw' film movements, and set the bar for professional reflex cine cameras. Founded in Munich, Germany, in 1917, they introduced the Arriflex 35mm camera in 1937 and the Arriflex 16 camera in 1952. In 1947 the Arriiflex 35mm was first used in the United States in a Humphrey Bogart and Lauren Bacall film, Dark Passage, and became the standard for non-lipsynch professional motion picture work ever since..